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Exercise in coronary heart disease.

R J Shephard

    Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Regular physical activity, particularly endurance exercise, significantly reduces cardiovascular disease risk and improves prognosis after diagnosis. While definitive causal proof is challenging, evidence strongly supports exercise as a key factor in preventing and managing heart disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Epidemiology
    • Preventive Medicine

    Background:

    • Population activity levels correlate with cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemic trends.
    • The exercise hypothesis suggests physical activity impacts CVD incidence and outcomes.
    • Evidence for exercise's role in CVD prevention and management is accumulating.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review evidence supporting the exercise hypothesis in cardiovascular disease.
    • To evaluate the impact of habitual physical activity on CVD incidence and prognosis.
    • To assess the benefits of exercise rehabilitation post-cardiac event.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of epidemiological studies comparing individuals with different activity levels (occupational and leisure).
    • Analysis of controlled trials on exercise rehabilitation post-clinical cardiovascular disease.

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  • Examination of data on athletes versus non-athletes and their health outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Regular endurance activity may halve cardiac morbidity and mortality.
    • Exercise rehabilitation improves prognosis by 20-30% post-clinical disease.
    • Occupational activity comparisons generally show cardiac benefits for active workers, despite methodological concerns.

    Conclusions:

    • Habitual physical activity is a significant factor in the CVD epidemic and its decline.
    • While direct causal proof is complex, evidence strongly supports exercise for CVD prevention and secondary prevention.
    • The long-term benefits of regular physical activity substantially outweigh potential short-term risks.