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Related Concept Videos

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
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Classic and exertional heatstroke.

Abderrezak Bouchama1, Bisher Abuyassin2, Cynthia Lehe2

  • 1King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Experimental Medicine Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. bouchamaab@ngha.med.sa.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|February 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Record heatwaves increase heatstroke deaths globally. This heat illness, characterized by high body temperature and central nervous system dysfunction, has high mortality rates and few treatment options.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Global heatwaves are increasing, leading to a rise in heat-related fatalities, including heatstroke.
  • Heatstroke is a severe heat illness defined by core body temperature >40°C and central nervous system dysfunction.
  • It is classified as classic (environmental exposure) or exertional (strenuous exercise), with significant mortality rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, pathology, and outcomes of heatstroke.
  • To highlight the limitations in current therapeutic approaches.
  • To emphasize the need for future research into genetic factors and biomarkers for personalized public health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on heatstroke epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathology.
  • Analysis of mortality data for classic and exertional heatstroke.
  • Discussion of current treatment limitations and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Classic heatstroke contributes significantly to heatwave fatalities (9-37%), while exertional heatstroke affects younger individuals.
  • Mortality rates under intensive care are high: 26.5% for exertional and 63.2% for classic heatstroke.
  • Pathological findings include endothelial injury, inflammation, thrombosis, and bleeding; survivors face long-term complications.

Conclusions:

  • Heatstroke is a critical public health issue exacerbated by climate change, with severe consequences and limited specific treatments.
  • Understanding individual susceptibility through genetic factors is essential for developing precision-based public health responses.
  • Further research into fundamental mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers is crucial for effective management strategies.