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Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
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Wave attenuation through forests under extreme conditions.

Bregje K van Wesenbeeck1,2, Guido Wolters3, José A A Antolínez3,4

  • 1Unit for Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands. Bregje.vanWesenbeeck@deltares.nl.

Scientific Reports
|February 4, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nature-based Solutions like forests can significantly reduce extreme wave heights and flooding. Willow forests, tested in large flume experiments, demonstrated strong wave attenuation with minimal tree damage, highlighting their potential for coastal defense.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Coastal Management
  • Nature-based Solutions

Background:

  • Global communities face escalating flood risks from intensified hazards and increased coastal/floodplain development.
  • Nature-based Solutions (NbS), including mangroves and riparian forests, present significant adaptation and risk reduction potential.
  • Forests' wave attenuation and storm damage mitigation capabilities are recognized but underutilized in flood management due to limited extreme condition data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the real-scale performance of forests in wave dissipation under extreme conditions.
  • To quantify the effectiveness of willow forests in reducing wave and run-up heights.
  • To identify key forest characteristics influencing wave attenuation.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted large-scale flume experiments using a willow forest model.
  • Simulated extreme wave conditions with maximum heights up to 2.5 meters.
  • Measured wave height reduction and run-up levels, and assessed tree damage.

Main Results:

  • Willow forests demonstrated significant wave attenuation and reduction in run-up heights, even under extreme wave conditions (up to 2.5 m).
  • Trees experienced minimal damage, indicating high resilience.
  • The surface area of the tree canopy was identified as the primary factor for wave attenuation; flexible leaves contributed minimally.

Conclusions:

  • Forests, particularly their canopy surface area, are highly effective in mitigating extreme wave impacts and reducing run-up.
  • The study provides crucial data supporting the integration of forests into flood mitigation strategies.
  • This research supports the development of more adaptive levee designs incorporating forest ecosystems for enhanced coastal resilience.