Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Otolaryngology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread public health and economic disruption globally.
• Neurological symptoms are frequently observed in patients with COVID-19, with olfactory dysfunction (OD) being the most prevalent.
• OD can manifest as an early or sole clinical sign of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction (OD).
• To elucidate the clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic methods, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-related OD.
• To enhance the understanding of OD in COVID-19 to facilitate early detection and targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes information from clinical and basic-science studies.
• It covers published research on the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction.
• The review analyzes data on diagnostic approaches, patient outcomes, and treatment options.

Main Results:

• Olfactory dysfunction is a common and often early neurological symptom of COVID-19.
• Research is actively exploring the mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2's impact on the olfactory system.
• Various methods for evaluating OD and potential treatment avenues are under investigation.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction requires further study to understand its full scope and impact.
• Improved understanding will aid in the early identification and effective management of this symptom.
• This review consolidates current knowledge to guide future research and clinical practice.