Primary bladder schwannoma: a case report and literature review

Primary bladder schwannoma is an extremely rare bladder tumor that originates from Schwann cells in the nerve sheath and often associated with von Reichnhausen's disease. Isolated cases of urinary bladder schwannoma are incredibly rare with no more than 1/1,000 of bladder tumours. We report a 33-year-old female patient who did not have any symptoms and was found by computed tomography (CT). Preoperative cystoscopy revealed a large sessile and smooth-surfaced mass on the anterior top of the bladder. Then she was successfully managed by partial cystectomy. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed the mass was schwannoma. She was discharged 16 days after admission. In addition, she was followed up without intravesical recurrence or metastases for 29 months. Subsequently, literatures in PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) accessed to bladder schwannoma since 1993 are searched and reviewed, more clinical data are provided to better assist in the diagnosis and treatment. In summary, bladder schwannoma is a rare benign tumor of the urinary system. Imaging examination and cystoscopy have a hint on the disease to a certain extent. The first choice of treatment is surgical resection, pathology is the gold standard and S-100 is usually positive. On account of the possibility of malignant transformation of the disease, Long-term follow-up is necessary.