Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Elevated IL-6 receptor expression on CD4+ T cells contributes to the increased Th17 responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Virology journal·2011

Same author

Neurochemical plasticity of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in neurogenic detrusor overactivity after spinal cord injury.

Neurochemical research·2011

Same author

[Clinical significance of 5-HT and DA levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning].

Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi = Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi = Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases·2011

Same author

Reconstitution of lysosomal NAADP-TRP-ML1 signaling pathway and its function in TRP-ML1(-/-) cells.

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology·2011

Same author

[The association between HBV genotyping and clinical characteristics and expression of TH1/TH2 cytokines].

Zhonghua shi yan he lin chuang bing du xue za zhi = Zhonghua shiyan he linchuang bingduxue zazhi = Chinese journal of experimental and clinical virology·2011

Same author

Bis[5-(2-pyrid-yl)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile]-silver(I) tetra-fluorido-borate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2011

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments

Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments

Published on: June 27, 2022

Benchmarking of electron beam parameters based on Monte Carlo linear accelerator simulation.

Fan Zhang¹, Mi Zhou¹, Jing Liu¹

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, Qing Dao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China.

Translational Cancer Research

|February 4, 2022

Summary

This study introduces a simplified Monte Carlo method to benchmark electron beam parameters for linear accelerators. The procedure accurately determines dose distributions, essential for precise radiation therapy.

Keywords:

Monte Carlo dose distribution electron beam parameter photon beam

More Related Videos

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Published on: May 26, 2019

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments

Sample Preparation and Experimental Design for In Situ Multi-Beam Transmission Electron Microscopy Irradiation Experiments

Published on: June 27, 2022

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Use of a Linear Accelerator for Conducting In Vitro Radiobiology Experiments

Published on: May 26, 2019

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiation Oncology
Computational Modeling

Background:

Accurate characterization of incident electron beam parameters is crucial for precise radiation dose delivery.
Existing benchmarking procedures can be complex and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simplified benchmarking procedure for determining incident electron beam parameters independently.
To utilize a Monte Carlo linear accelerator model for this purpose.

Main Methods:

A 10x10 cm² field was used to model 6 MeV electron beams.
Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess parameter influences on dose distributions.
Calculated dose distributions were compared with measured data.

Main Results:

Depth doses showed minimal sensitivity to variations in electron mean energy (5.5-6.4 MeV) and radial intensity (0.1-0.4 cm).
Simulated dose profiles agreed well with measurements in the main field for radial intensity up to 0.19 cm.
A mean angular spread of 0.3° was determined for optimal agreement across depths.

Conclusions:

The proposed procedure enables accurate dose distribution acquisition through independent benchmarking of electron beam parameters.
Percentage depth doses and dose profiles are suitable for individual benchmarking due to their insensitivity to energy and radial intensity, respectively.