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Correction: Medkour et al. Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission. <i>Viruses</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 657.

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Bacterial Vaginosis: What Do We Currently Know?

Linda Abou Chacra1,2, Florence Fenollar1,2, Khoudia Diop1,2

  • 1Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|February 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal imbalance where beneficial Lactobacilli are replaced by harmful bacteria. Understanding the vaginal microbiome is key to improving BV diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
Lactobacillusbacterial vaginosisbacterial vaginosis-associated bacteriadysbiosissexually transmitted infectionvaginal microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Microbiome Studies
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • The vaginal microbiome is typically dominated by Lactobacilli, characterized by low diversity.
  • Increased microbial diversity can paradoxically indicate dysbiosis, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV).
  • BV involves the replacement of Lactobacilli by anaerobic bacteria, leading to common vaginal discharge in women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complexities of the vaginal microbiome and its role in bacterial vaginosis (BV).
  • To highlight the limitations of current BV diagnostic methods and the need for advanced strategies.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding microbiome composition for improved BV therapeutic management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of vaginal microbiome composition and dynamics.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for BV, including Amsel's criteria and Nugent score.
  • Discussion of emerging molecular biology-based diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a shift from Lactobacilli dominance to an increase in anaerobic bacteria.
  • Current diagnostic tools like Nugent score have limitations, prompting the development of molecular methods.
  • BV has significant health consequences, including obstetrical complications and increased STI risk.

Conclusions:

  • The etiology of BV remains unclear, and recurrence rates are high, necessitating further research.
  • Improved understanding of the vaginal microbiome is crucial for developing effective and personalized BV treatments.
  • Molecular diagnostics offer promising alternatives for accurate BV detection and management.