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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays
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Correlation between circulating innate lymphoid cell precursors and thymic function.

Sandra Bajana1, Aneta Pankow1, Kaili Liu2

  • 1Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, 825 NE 13Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

Iscience
|February 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The thymus replenishes innate lymphoid cell (ILC) pools in tissues. Thymus-derived precursors (icCD3ε+) differentiate into various ILC subsets, impacting immune responses and potentially explaining age-related immune differences.

Keywords:
Components of the immune systemImmunologyOmicsTranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The thymus is known for supporting ILC differentiation.
  • Its role in maintaining ILC homeostasis in peripheral tissues remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thymus's contribution to the homeostasis of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) pools in peripheral tissues.
  • To identify and characterize thymus-derived ILC precursors.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of blood from wild-type and athymic nude mice.
  • In vitro differentiation assays using OP9-DL1 stroma.
  • Analysis of icCD3ε+ cell abundance and differentiation in various tissues.

Main Results:

  • Substantial populations of ILC precursors expressing intracellular CD3ε (icCD3ε+) were identified in wild-type blood, but not in athymic nude blood.
  • These precursors, identified as Lin⁻CD127⁺CD62L⁺icCD3ε⁺, showed age-dependent abundance, peaking at 2-3 months.
  • icCD3ε+ cells differentiated into diverse ILC subsets in vitro and in various tissues (lung, small intestine, epidermis) under steady-state conditions.
  • Helminth infection enhanced differentiation towards functional ILC2s.

Conclusions:

  • The thymus plays a significant role in replenishing ILC pools across different peripheral tissues.
  • Thymic ILC precursor activity is age-dependent, potentially explaining age-related variations in immune responses.