Elderberries as a potential supplement to improve vascular function in a SARS-CoV-2 environment.

Area of Science:

• Vascular biology
• Infectious diseases
• Nutritional science

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, may lead to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and long-term nonrespiratory symptoms.
• While SARS-CoV-2 might not directly infect endothelial cells (EC), secondary damage and inflammation can impair vascular function.
• Elderberry, rich in anthocyanins like cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), has demonstrated vascular protective and anti-inflammatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the potential of elderberry extract (EE) as a nutritional component to mitigate the vascular effects of SARS-CoV-2.
• To review existing literature on EE's antiviral and vascular protective properties relevant to COVID-19.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on elderberry extract, anthocyanins, endothelial function, and SARS-CoV-2.
• Analysis of the mechanisms by which EE may influence vascular health in the context of viral infections.

Main Results:

• Anthocyanins, particularly C3G in elderberries, are associated with cardiovascular disease prevention and vascular protection.
• EE exhibits both antiviral and vascular protective properties, suggesting potential benefits against SARS-CoV-2-related vascular issues.
• Existing research suggests EE warrants further investigation for its role in managing COVID-19's impact on vascular function.

Conclusions:

• Elderberry extract shows promise as a natural supplement to support vascular health during and after COVID-19.
• Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action of EE against SARS-CoV-2-induced vascular dysfunction.
• EE could potentially aid current therapies by addressing endothelial dysfunction associated with COVID-19.