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Methods of Capturing Process Outcomes in Quality Improvement Trials: A Systematic Review
Summary
This study reviewed 24 implementation trials, finding varied reporting of process measures and limited data collection details. Challenges exist in capturing process outcomes, especially outside hospitals.
Area of Science:
- Health Services Research
- Implementation Science
Background:
- Healthcare quality assessment relies on structure, process, and outcome measures.
- Implementation trials are crucial for evaluating the adoption of interventions.
- Standardized methods for capturing process outcomes in these trials are needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine how trialists capture process outcomes in implementation trials.
- To provide guidance for researchers and health professionals on process outcome measurement.
- To identify challenges in collecting process data within implementation studies.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of electronic databases.
- Inclusion criteria: implementation studies of non-pharmacological interventions.
- Data extraction and quality assessment performed by two independent reviewers.
Main Results:
- 24 studies met inclusion criteria from 3,186 screened articles.
- Common study designs included cluster randomized controlled trials, interrupted time series, and stepped wedge.
- Process measure reporting varied, with limited detail on data collection mechanisms; electronic medical records/patient records and staff surveys were primary methods.
Conclusions:
- Significant variation exists in how process outcomes are measured and reported in implementation trials.
- Challenges in data collection, particularly in non-hospital settings, hinder accurate process outcome assessment.
- Further standardization and methodological guidance are required for robust process outcome measurement in implementation research.
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