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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Fluoride-incorporated cobalt-based electrocatalyst towards enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.

Tzung-Wen Chiou1, I-Jui Hsu2, Wei-Liang Li3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan. twchiou@thu.edu.tw.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|February 4, 2022
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Summary

A novel electrocatalyst, CoO-F/Co, was synthesized for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Fluoride incorporation enhanced its performance, achieving results comparable to noble metal catalysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Developing efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for renewable energy technologies.
  • Noble metal catalysts are highly effective but expensive, driving research into alternative materials.
  • Cobalt-based materials show promise as HER electrocatalysts but often require optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel fluoride-incorporated cobalt oxide electrocatalyst (CoO-F/Co) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
  • To investigate the effect of fluoride incorporation on the structural and electrochemical properties of the cobalt-based electrocatalyst.
  • To evaluate the HER performance of the synthesized CoO-F/Co electrocatalyst and compare it with existing noble metal catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Electrocatalyst synthesis via electro-deposition method.
  • Characterization of the porous network architecture of CoO-F/Co on a glassy carbon electrode.
  • Electrochemical evaluation of HER performance in 1.0 M KOH solution.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized CoO-F/Co electrocatalyst exhibited a porous network architecture.
  • An ultra-low overpotential of 15 mV was achieved at a geometric current density of 10 mA cm-2.
  • Fluoride incorporation was demonstrated to improve particle size, electronic density, conductivity, and hydrophilicity, enhancing HER performance.

Conclusions:

  • The fluoride-incorporated cobalt oxide electrocatalyst (CoO-F/Co) demonstrates excellent HER performance, comparable to noble metal catalysts.
  • Fluoride incorporation is an effective strategy to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of cobalt-based materials for HER.
  • The developed CoO-F/Co electrocatalyst presents a promising low-cost alternative for efficient hydrogen production.