Time-Course Comparative Metabolome Analysis of Different Barley Varieties during Malting

Malt production is one of the important uses of barley, and its quality differs greatly depending on the barley varieties used. In this study, ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology was used to investigate the temporal changes of metabolites during malting in two barley varieties: Franklin (malt barley) and Yerong (non-malt barley). Also, differences in metabolite profiles were compared in the kilned malt between two other malt barley varieties (Copeland and Planet) and two non-malt varieties (ZD10 and Hua30). Results showed that degradation of trisaccharide and accumulation of UDP-glucose and mannose-1-phosphate are the key metabolic events during steeping, with Franklin showing earlier and greater changes. Earlier increase of sugars and amino acids in Franklin is associated with its faster germination rate. Comparative metabolome analysis of kilned malt from the different barley varieties indicated that malt barley accumulated more sugars, hordatine-glucoside, and oxoproline, and non-malt barley accumulated more polyphenols and monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol. These results improved the understanding of the genotypic difference in the formation of malt quality at the metabolomic level.