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Related Concept Videos

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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Nails are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are hard, protective structures that cover the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of fingers and toes. Nails are composed of specialized keratinized cells and serve various functions, including protection, sensation, and manual dexterity.
The main components of a nail include the following.
Nail Plate: The nail plate is the visible portion of the nail that extends beyond the fingertips or toes. It is a hard, translucent...
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Desmosomes

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The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein...
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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Fascia, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, is distributed throughout the body. It demarcates and forms a supportive covering over skeletal muscles, bones, blood vessels, and organs. There are three main types of facia— superficial fascia, deep fascia, and subserous fascia. These are all present at different depths in the body. Fascia reduces the friction and permits muscles, joints, and organs to easily slide against each other, facilitating movement of the body and preventing...
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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Human Dupuytren's Ex Vivo Culture for the Study of Myofibroblasts and Extracellular Matrix Interactions
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Waxy fingers and skin tethering.

Lauren E Prusinski Fernung1, James S Petit1, Loretta S Davis1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University.

The Journal of Family Practice
|February 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A patient presented with a burn injury from a hot object, indicating a potential underlying systemic disease. Further investigation of his medical history and physical examination of his hands were crucial for diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Dermatology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • A patient presented with a thermal burn injury sustained from a hot cup of coffee.
  • The patient reported no sensation of heat, suggesting a potential sensory deficit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying cause of the patient's thermal burn injury.
  • To determine if a systemic disease was responsible for the patient's lack of thermal sensation and subsequent injury.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination of the patient's hands.
  • Review of the patient's medical history.
  • Diagnostic workup to identify potential systemic diseases.

Main Results:

  • The patient's history and physical findings suggested a systemic condition.

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  • The burn injury was attributed to impaired thermal sensation.

    • Conclusions:

    • The case highlights the importance of considering systemic diseases in patients with unexplained injuries.
    • Prompt diagnosis and management of underlying conditions are essential to prevent further complications.