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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Skin Tattooing As A Novel Approach For DNA Vaccine Delivery
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Wells Syndrome-Like Histologic Pattern Caused by a Permanent Tattoo.

Maha Kazmi1, Ashley Elsensohn2, Jacqueline M Junkins-Hopkins3

  • 1University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.

The American Journal of Dermatopathology
|February 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tattoo reactions are increasing globally. This study details the first permanent tattoo case exhibiting flame figures, a pattern histologically similar to Wells syndrome, previously only seen with temporary henna tattoos.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Tattoo popularity is rising globally, leading to more reported tattoo reactions.
  • Various inflammatory patterns, including granulomatous and spongiotic, are associated with tattoos.
  • A rare Wells syndrome-like reaction was previously reported with temporary henna tattoos.

Observation:

  • This report presents the first case of a permanent tattoo reaction.
  • The reaction displayed flame figures on histological examination.
  • These findings histologically mimicked Wells syndrome.

Findings:

  • Permanent tattoos can induce inflammatory reactions with unique histological patterns.
  • Flame figures, characteristic of Wells syndrome, were observed in a permanent tattoo reaction.
  • This represents an uncommon histologic presentation for permanent tattoos.

Implications:

  • Pathologists should consider Wells syndrome-like reactions in permanent tattoo complications.
  • Awareness of this pattern aids in accurate diagnosis of tattoo-associated dermatoses.
  • This finding expands the spectrum of known tattoo reactions and their histological manifestations.