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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol

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Published on: October 24, 2016

Robustness: linking strain design to viable bioprocesses.

Lisbeth Olsson¹, Peter Rugbjerg², Luca Torello Pianale¹

¹Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Trends in Biotechnology

|February 5, 2022

Summary

Microbial cell factories offer sustainable chemical production but struggle with industrial scale-up due to a lack of robustness. This review explores methods to enhance cell factory stability and performance under industrial conditions.

Keywords:

bioprocess engineering biosensors industrial production perturbations robustness quantification single-cell analysis

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Metabolic Engineering
Synthetic Biology

Background:

Microbial cell factories are crucial for sustainable chemical synthesis.
Metabolic engineering advances cell factories but industrial scale-up reveals limitations in yield, titer, and productivity.
A key limitation is the lack of robustness, defined as maintaining a stable phenotype under process perturbations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review industrial perturbations affecting microbial cell factories.
To discuss technologies for countering process variability and enhancing robustness.
To differentiate robustness from tolerance and explore single-cell studies for improvement.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on industrial perturbations (predictable and stochastic).
Analysis of state-of-the-art technologies for process variability mitigation.
Discussion of single-cell analysis techniques for robustness assessment.

Main Results:

Identified predictable and stochastic perturbations in industrial bioprocesses.
Highlighted technologies to counter process variability and improve robustness.
Differentiated robustness from tolerance, emphasizing the former's importance for industrial application.

Conclusions:

Robustness is critical for the long-term industrial viability of microbial cell factories.
Single-cell studies offer potential for enhancing system robustness.
Standardized quantification of robustness is needed to guide strain selection for bioprocesses.