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Immunizations in Children With Chronic Diseases: A State of the Science Review With Implications for Practice Change

Elishua L B Reingold, Miyuki Bennion, Mary N Meyer

    Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners
    |February 5, 2022
    PubMed

    Insights

    Children with chronic illnesses have lower vaccination rates, increasing their risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. Addressing barriers like inadequate education and provider comfort is crucial for improving immunization coverage.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Public Health
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Over 25% of American children have chronic diseases.
    • Children with chronic illnesses are at higher risk for complications from vaccine-preventable infections due to under-immunization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically review vaccination rates in U.S. children with chronic illnesses.
    • To identify barriers affecting immunization rates in this vulnerable population.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic review of PubMed and CINAHL databases.
    • Included studies published between 2010 and 2020, focusing on U.S. children aged under 18.
    • Analyzed 18 relevant publications.

    Main Results:

    • Children with chronic illnesses exhibit significantly lower vaccination rates compared to healthy peers.
    • These children face elevated risks of severe outcomes if infected with preventable diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Inadequate parent and provider education, nonmedical misconceptions, and provider discomfort are key barriers to timely vaccinations.
    • Further research and discussion are needed to ensure all children, especially those with chronic conditions, are adequately protected by immunizations.
    Abstract

    Keywords:
    chronic diseaseimmunization, vaccination, childrenpediatrics

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