Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Published on: December 23, 2022
Comparative resistome and virulome analysis of clinical NDM-1-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae
Negin Bolourchi1, Christian G Giske2, Shoeib Nematzadeh2
1Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives:
The Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) are causatives of hospital-acquired infections. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence profiling of ECC promotes our knowledge for their elimination in clinical settings.
Methods:
We assembled the whole genome of four clinical carbapenem-resistant ECCs and characterized their AMR and virulence profiles using whole genome sequencing.
Results:
The chromosomes length scaled from minimum 3 949 952 bp (for P2) to maximum 4 976 575 bp (for P3). Strains P1 and P2 belonged to sequence type (ST)182. P3 and P4 belonged to ST477 and ST134, respectively. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was detected in P1 plasmid. P1 and P4 harboured the blaTEM-1 and blaOXA-1 genes. blaNDM-1 was found in P1, P3, and P4. No blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaVIM, or blaIMP were identified. The plasmids were nontransferable and had IncFIB, IncFII, Col, and IncC incompatibility (Inc) groups . Class 1 integron was detected in all strains. Virulence genes related to biofilms, adhesins, siderophores (aerobactin, enterobactin, and salmochelin), intrinsic antimicrobial efflux pumps, secretory systems type I to VI, environmental and antibiotic stress response , outer membrane proteins, and heavy metal (copper, tellurite, arsenic, and zinc) resistance were found. The number of positive virulence factors was higher for P1 compared with other strains.
Conclusion:
The accumulation of AMR genes in Enterobacter spp. and their high endurance in hostile environments is a serious health problem. More genomic investigations are required to determine their AMR and virulence genetic reservoirs at the global level.
More Related Videos
08:58Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
09:26Identification of Antibacterial Immunity Proteins in Escherichia coli using MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS and Top-Down Proteomic Analysis
Published on: May 23, 2021
Related Concept Videos
Development of Antibiotic Resistance
Antimicrobial Effectiveness
Stringent Response in E. coli
Antibiotic Selection
Antimicrobial Proteins
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...