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Sarcopenic Obesity and Depression: A Systematic Review.

I Pilati1, A Slee, R Frost

  • 1Ioanna Pilati, UCL Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK, i.pilati213@gmail.com.

The Journal of Frailty & Aging
|February 5, 2022
PubMed
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Sarcopenic obesity (SO), a combination of obesity and muscle loss, may be linked to depression in older adults. More research, especially longitudinal studies measuring muscle strength, is needed to confirm this association.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Sarcopenic obesity (SO) combines obesity and sarcopenia, prevalent in aging populations.
  • Depressive symptoms are common in older adults, with unclear links to SO.
  • Existing research shows associations between obesity/sarcopenia and depression individually.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the association between primary sarcopenic obesity and depressive disorders.
  • To synthesize current evidence on the relationship between SO and depression in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (inception to June 2019).
  • Inclusion of cohort and cross-sectional studies, with dual reviewer screening and risk of bias assessment.
Keywords:
Sarcopenic obesityageingdepressionobesityolder adultssarcopenia

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  • Narrative synthesis of results from eligible studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Two of seven studies found evidence of SO predicting depressive symptoms.
    • Diagnosing sarcopenia via muscle strength showed significant associations with depressive symptoms.
    • Heterogeneous findings, with some studies showing significant associations and others not, all with methodological limitations.

    Conclusions:

    • This is the first systematic review on sarcopenic obesity and depressive disorders.
    • Current evidence is heterogeneous due to varied assessment methods.
    • Longitudinal studies measuring muscle strength are needed to confirm a link between SO and depression.