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Pulmonary Echinococcus in children: A descriptive study in a LMIC

Lunga Mfingwana1, Pierre Goussard1, Lizelle van Wyk1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|February 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pulmonary cystic echinococcosis (CE) is common in children, often presenting with cough. Combined medical and surgical treatment is the gold standard for managing this parasitic lung infection.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Echinococcus granulosus infection poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in lower-middle-income countries.
  • Pediatric cases of cystic echinococcosis (CE) frequently involve lung and liver cysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a pediatric cohort with pulmonary CE.
  • To evaluate the outcomes of combined medical and surgical treatment for pediatric pulmonary CE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study conducted at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa (July 2017 - December 2020).
  • Review of clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment-related data for pediatric patients.
  • Analysis of outcomes for both simple and complicated pulmonary CE cases.

Main Results:

  • The study included 35 children (mean age 9.4 years); cough was the most common symptom (93%).
  • Isolated pulmonary CE predominated (74%), with left lower lobe involvement.
  • 58% had positive indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) results; complicated CE cases had longer hospital stays.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary CE is prevalent in children, with extrapulmonary involvement being rare.
  • Chest X-ray and CT are key diagnostic tools; IHA serology shows limited utility for pulmonary CE.
  • A combined surgical and medical approach is the established treatment for pulmonary CE.
Abstract

Keywords:
AlbendazoleEchinococcus granulosushydatid cystpulmonary cystic echinococcusthoracotomy

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