RNA-binding proteins: Underestimated contributors in tumorigenesis

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Cancer Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Messenger RNA (mRNA) stability is a key regulator of gene expression, influenced by processes like export, translation, splicing, cleavage, and capping.
• RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) modulate mRNA stability, thereby affecting diverse cellular functions.
• RBPs play increasingly recognized roles in tumorigenesis, influencing cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a model illustrating how mutations in RBPs contribute to tumorigenesis.
• To consolidate current understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which RBPs regulate cancer.
• To highlight RBPs with significant potential as prognostic and diagnostic factors in cancer patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on RBPs in cancer.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking RBP function to cancer-related processes.
• Identification and discussion of RBPs with established roles in cancer prognosis and diagnosis.

Main Results:

• RBPs are implicated in fundamental cancer hallmarks including apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA repair, autophagy, cell proliferation, immune response, and metabolism.
• Specific RBPs interact with oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, underscoring their critical role in cancer.
• Numerous RBPs have been identified as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

• RBP mutations are pivotal in driving tumorigenesis through dysregulation of gene expression.
• Understanding RBP molecular mechanisms provides insights into cancer development and progression.
• RBPs represent a promising class of molecules for developing novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.