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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells
Published on: March 16, 2017
Human placenta and trophoblasts simultaneously express three isoforms of atypical protein kinase-c
Sumaiyah Shaha1, Khushali Patel2, Saba Saadat2
1Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Abstract:
Atypical protein kinase-c (aPKC) isoforms are important regulators of polarity and stem cell differentiation. There are three isoforms of aPKC: aPKC-ι, aPKC-ζ, and PKM-ζ. Recently, aPKC-ι was shown to regulate human trophoblast stem cell (TSC) differentiation. Compensation by remaining isoforms when a single aPKC isoform is lost can occur, but the expression pattern of aPKC-ζ in placenta is unknown. Here we show that aPKC-ι, aPKC-ζ and a new isoform, aPKC-ζ III, are expressed in trophoblasts. Therefore, studies examining the role of aPKC isoforms that control for potential compensation between aPKC isoforms are necessary to understand aPKC-mediated regulation of TSC differentiation.
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