Multiproxy analysis in contaminated sediments from Niterói Harbour (Guanabara Bay), Brazil

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Marine Biology
• Geochemistry

Background:

• Harbours are vital economic hubs in urban centers.
• Intense maritime traffic causes significant environmental impacts on local ecosystems and populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the environmental condition of Niterói Harbour, Rio de Janeiro State.
• To investigate pollution levels in harbour surface sediment using multiple analytical tools.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of pseudototal trace metals in surface sediment samples.
• Biological assessments including Artemia sp. mortality and Vibrio fischeri presence.
• Micropalaeontological analysis of dinoflagellate cysts.

Main Results:

• Pseudototal trace metal concentrations exceeded Guanabara Bay background levels.
• High Artemia sp. mortality and Vibrio fischeri presence indicated severe local pollution.
• Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages responded directly to elevated trace metal concentrations.

Conclusions:

• Niterói Harbour exhibits high levels of pollution, evidenced by chemical and biological indicators.
• The study underscores the necessity for increased environmental monitoring in ports globally.
• Findings from this Brazilian harbour can inform management strategies for urban ports worldwide.