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Related Concept Videos

Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Psychological mechanisms connected to dissociation: Generating hypotheses using network analyses.

Emma Černis1, Anke Ehlers2, Daniel Freeman3

  • 1University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|February 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Dissociation is strongly linked to cognitive appraisals and affect sensitivity. These factors, along with unhelpful behaviors, may maintain dissociative experiences like the felt sense of anomaly.

Keywords:
DissociationNetwork analysisPerseverative thinkingPsychological mechanismsSelf-efficacy

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Network Analysis

Background:

  • Dissociative experiences, particularly the 'felt sense of anomaly', are common.
  • Numerous psychological mechanisms, especially those involving affect processing, are theorized to underlie dissociation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify psychological processes most closely connected to dissociative experiences using network analysis.
  • To explore the relationships between dissociation and ten candidate psychological mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Network analyses (undirected and partially directed models) were performed.
  • Data from 6161 general population respondents were analyzed.
  • Relationships between dissociation and mechanisms like cognitive appraisals, affect intolerance, and perseverative thinking were examined.

Main Results:

  • Dissociation showed direct connections with six psychological processes: cognitive appraisals, behavioral responses, perseverative thinking, alexithymia, general self-efficacy, and beliefs about being overwhelmed.
  • The strongest connection was between dissociation and cognitive appraisals (causal effect 0.73).
  • A high probability indicated dissociation causes meta-cognitions about being overwhelmed.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive appraisals and heightened negative affect sensitivity are closely linked to dissociation.
  • Dissociative experiences may stem from affect sensitivity leading to threat appraisals, maintained by rumination and avoidance behaviors.
  • Further research in clinical populations and direct causal testing are warranted.