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Related Concept Videos

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Lessons from Detecting Cognitive Impairment Including Dementia (DetectCID) in Primary Care.

Alissa Bernstein Sideman1,2,3,4, Rachel Chalmer5, Emmeline Ayers6

  • 1Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

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Early detection of cognitive impairment in primary care is crucial. Novel paradigms improve dementia detection and follow-up by engaging primary care teams and integrating care.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Primary Care Medicine

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment, including dementia, is often under-detected in primary care settings.
  • The Consortium for Detecting Cognitive Impairment, including Dementia (DetectCID) is developing new methods to enhance early detection and follow-up.
  • Multidisciplinary teams are testing innovative paradigms for patient evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize three distinct detection paradigms for cognitive impairment.
  • To identify similarities and differences among these approaches.
  • To extract key lessons learned from the implementation of these paradigms.

Main Methods:

  • A qualitative evaluation study was conducted.
  • Dementia specialists implementing the detection paradigms were interviewed.
  • Content analysis was used to analyze the collected data.

Main Results:

  • Core components of each paradigm were identified.
  • Engaging primary care teams is essential for successful implementation.
  • Enabling primary care providers in diagnosing and supporting cognitive disorders is key.
  • Integration with electronic health records and addressing diverse populations' needs are critical.

Conclusions:

  • Effective approaches must cover the entire care continuum, from detection to post-diagnostic management.
  • Paradigms need to be efficient, adaptable to primary care workflows, and inclusive of diverse aging populations.
  • Partnership strategies with primary care can be beneficial across specialties for improving differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment.