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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

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Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice
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Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

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Pathogenic signaling in multiple myeloma.

Arnold Bolomsky1, Ryan M Young1

  • 1National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Bethesda MD.

Seminars in Oncology
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Multiple myeloma, a plasma cell cancer, often relapses and becomes untreatable. New precision medicine strategies are needed to target pathogenic pathways in refractory multiple myeloma patients.

Keywords:
JAK-STATNF-kBRASmultiple myelomapathogenic signaling

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An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Hematological Malignancies
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy with significant relapse rates.
  • Current treatments are insufficient for a portion of patients, leading to refractory disease.
  • There is a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies for patients with refractory multiple myeloma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pathogenic signaling pathways in malignant plasma cells.
  • To develop novel precision medicine strategies for multiple myeloma.
  • To improve outcomes for patients with refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of signaling pathways in malignant plasma cells.
  • Identification of therapeutic targets.
  • Development of precision medicine approaches.

Main Results:

  • Detailed characterization of key pathogenic signaling pathways in multiple myeloma.
  • Identification of potential targets for novel therapies.
  • Foundation laid for precision medicine strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding signaling pathways is crucial for advancing multiple myeloma treatment.
  • Precision medicine holds promise for refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma.
  • Further research is needed to translate these findings into clinical practice.