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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Controlling for Lexical Factors in the Word Auditory Recognition and Recall Measure.

David B Ryan1,2,3, Sherri L Smith3,4,5,6

  • 1Hearing & Balance Research Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Mountain Home, Tennessee, USA.

Ear and Hearing
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Summary

Lexical factors do not impact scores on the Word Auditory Recognition and Recall Measure (WARRM). The WARRM's design effectively controls for word properties, ensuring reliable auditory recognition and recall assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Speech Perception
  • Auditory Processing

Background:

  • The Word Auditory Recognition and Recall Measure (WARRM) is a tool used to assess auditory processing.
  • Lexical factors, such as word frequency and neighborhood density, can potentially influence performance on auditory tasks.
  • Minimizing the impact of these lexical factors is crucial for accurate WARRM scoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate that lexical characteristics of Word Auditory Recognition and Recall Measure (WARRM) items do not significantly affect WARRM scores.
  • To confirm the hypothesis that the WARRM's design effectively mitigates the influence of lexical factors on auditory recognition and recall performance.

Main Methods:

  • A complementary analysis using generalized linear mixed models was conducted.
  • The study examined the effects of specific lexical factors: word frequency, neighborhood density, and neighborhood frequency.
  • These factors were analyzed in relation to WARRM recognition and recall scores.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant effects of lexical factors on WARRM recognition scores were found.
  • Similarly, no significant impact of lexical factors on WARRM recall scores was observed.
  • The absence of effects was attributed to the careful selection and distribution of words within the WARRM, along with balanced lexical properties across set sizes.

Conclusions:

  • The WARRM demonstrates successful control over potential confounding lexical factors.
  • The test's word selection and design ensure that recognition and recall scores are not unduly influenced by item characteristics.
  • This validates the WARRM as a robust measure for assessing auditory recognition and recall.