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Combined Lorentz Symmetry: Lessons from Superfluid He.

G E Volovik1,2

  • 1Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores combined P, T, and Lorentz symmetries in quantum vacuum, using superfluid Helium-3 as a model. Symmetry breaking reveals topological defects and suggests new gravity theories, potentially solving the cosmological constant problem.

Keywords:
Lorentz symmetrySymmetry breakingTopological superfluid

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • The fundamental symmetries of the relativistic quantum vacuum, including P, T, and Lorentz symmetry, are examined.
  • Symmetry breaking in condensed matter systems, specifically superfluid phases of liquid Helium-3, provides a framework for understanding vacuum symmetries.
  • Gravitational tetrads are proposed as order parameters for symmetry breaking in the quantum vacuum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined P, T, and Lorentz symmetry of the relativistic quantum vacuum.
  • To explore symmetry breaking mechanisms in condensed matter systems and their implications for fundamental physics.
  • To apply these concepts to address the cosmological constant problem.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of symmetry breaking in condensed matter vacua, specifically the Helium-3 A and B phases.
  • Utilizing gravitational tetrads as order parameters to describe symmetry breaking.
  • Investigating the topological consequences of vacuum degeneracy, such as torsion strings.

Main Results:

  • Two scenarios for the origin of combined Lorentz symmetry are realized in superfluid Helium-3.
  • Symmetry breaking in the Minkowski vacuum leads to continuous degeneracy and topological defects like torsion strings.
  • Fourfold degeneracy related to P and T symmetries suggests distinct tetrad fields for Weyl fermions and antiparticles, potentially breaking the equivalence principle.

Conclusions:

  • The study proposes a novel framework for understanding quantum vacuum symmetries through condensed matter analogs.
  • The findings suggest implications for theories of gravity with multiple metric fields and parity violation.
  • The application of gravitational tetrads offers a potential pathway towards resolving the cosmological constant problem.