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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Absolute SESAM characterization via polarization-resolved non-collinear equivalent time sampling.

Alexander Nussbaum-Lapping1, Christopher R Phillips1, Benjamin Willenberg1

  • 1Department of Physics, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

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This study presents a new method for characterizing semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) using dual-comb lasers. The technique allows for fast and accurate measurement of nonlinear properties, crucial for modelocked laser design.

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Area of Science:

  • Laser Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) are vital components in modelocked laser systems.
  • Accurate characterization of SESAM nonlinear properties is essential for laser design and optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a complete characterization method for SESAMs.
  • To utilize an equivalent time sampling apparatus with a dual-comb laser source for SESAM analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Employed an equivalent time sampling apparatus with a free-running dual-comb laser source.
  • Utilized sub-150-fs modelocked laser outputs at 1051 nm with a 80.1 MHz repetition rate.
  • Implemented cross-correlation for time axis calibration and a non-collinear pump-probe geometry.

Main Results:

  • Achieved fast and robust determination of nonlinear reflectivity and recovery time parameters for SESAMs.
  • Demonstrated good agreement between measurements and conventional methods, and with a rate equation model up to high pulse fluences.
  • Observed slightly slower SESAM recovery at higher fluence values and analyzed polarization dependence of reflectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a comprehensive and efficient approach for SESAM characterization.
  • The findings offer insights into SESAM behavior under varying fluence and polarization conditions.
  • This technique facilitates improved design and performance of modelocked laser systems.