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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Assessing Stem Cell DNA Integrity for Cardiac Cell Therapy
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Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects.

Radwa A Mehanna1, Marwa M Essawy2, Mona A Barkat3

  • 1Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.

World Journal of Stem Cells
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regenerative medicine utilizes stem cells to repair damaged tissues. This review explores cardiac stem cells (CSCs/CPCs) for cardiovascular disease treatment, including nanotechnology applications.

Keywords:
Cardiac stem and progenitor cellsCardiac stem cells’ niche and metabolismCardiac stem cells’ secretomeClinical trialsCombined therapyNanotechnology

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regenerative medicine aims to repair damaged human tissues and organs.
  • Stem cells are key therapies, known for differentiation and enhancing intrinsic regenerative capacity.
  • Cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs) are increasingly recognized in cardiovascular research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nature, environment, cellular interactions, and metabolism of CSCs/CPCs.
  • To discuss the potency of CSCs/CPCs and their secretome in influencing cellular behavior for regeneration.
  • To explore current preclinical and clinical trials using CSCs/CPCs and nanotechnology for cardiac regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical studies and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of CSC/CPC biology, including their secretome.
  • Exploration of nanotechnology's role in cardiac regeneration.

Main Results:

  • CSCs/CPCs possess regenerative potential through differentiation and paracrine effects.
  • The secretome of CSCs/CPCs plays a crucial role in modulating the cardiac environment.
  • Nanotechnology offers novel approaches to enhance CSC/CPC therapy for cardiac repair.

Conclusions:

  • CSCs/CPCs represent a promising therapeutic avenue for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Understanding CSC/CPC biology and their secretome is vital for optimizing regenerative strategies.
  • Combined therapies involving CSCs/CPCs and nanotechnology hold significant potential for future cardiac regeneration.