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Hepatitis C: Problems to extinction and residual hepatic and extrahepatic lesions after sustained virological

Sara Cuesta-Sancho1, Mercedes Márquez-Coello1, Francisco Illanes-Álvarez1

  • 1Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz 11009, Spain.

World Journal of Hepatology
|February 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C (HCV) eradication faces challenges from lost follow-up and reinfections. Even after treatment, chronic liver damage and other health issues may persist, impacting patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to chronic liver disease.
  • Highly effective treatments exist, but eradication is hindered by patient adherence and reinfection.
  • Chronic HCV infection can cause lasting liver damage and extrahepatic complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review risk factors for loss to follow-up and HCV reinfection.
  • To assess residual liver alterations post-HCV infection.
  • To examine comorbidities and extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of risk factors for loss to follow-up.
  • Analysis of studies on HCV reinfection rates.
  • Assessment of residual liver and extrahepatic manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Loss to follow-up and reinfection are significant barriers to HCV eradication.
  • Chronic HCV infection is associated with liver inflammation, fibrosis, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Extrahepatic manifestations include cryoglobulinemia, lymphoma, insulin resistance, and cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Effective HCV treatment does not always reverse all chronic alterations.
  • Addressing loss to follow-up and reinfection is crucial for HCV elimination.
  • Long-term monitoring for liver and extrahepatic complications is essential for patients with a history of HCV.

Keywords:
Cirrhosis decompensationDirect antiviral agentsExtrahepatic complicationsHepatitis C virusHepatocarcinomaHuman immunodeficiency virusSustained virological response

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