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Low Vitamin D Levels at Birth and Early Respiratory Outcome in Infants With Gestational Age Less Than 29 Weeks

Honoré Papalia1, Anais Samonini1, Christophe Buffat2

  • 1Neonatal Unit, Hospital University La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|February 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Low vitamin D levels at birth are linked to worse respiratory outcomes in extremely preterm infants. This highlights the importance of vitamin D for lung development and infant health.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D plays a role in lung development, but its impact on respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in extremely preterm (EPT) infants is understudied.
  • This study investigates the association between low vitamin D status at birth and early respiratory outcomes in EPT infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the influence of low vitamin D levels at birth on the respiratory health of extremely preterm infants.
  • To assess the relationship between cord blood 25(OH)D levels and the severity of respiratory distress syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Cord blood 25(OH)D levels below 75 nmol/L were defined as low vitamin D.
  • Logistic regression and classification regression-tree analyses were employed.
  • The primary outcome was a composite of death or need for mechanical ventilation by day of life 7 (death or MV DoL7).

Main Results:

  • 74% of the 109 EPT infants studied had low vitamin D levels at birth.
  • Infants with low vitamin D required higher initial FiO2 and were more likely to be mechanically ventilated (36% vs 7%).
  • Low vitamin D was associated with a 10-fold increased odds of death or MV DoL7, even after adjusting for gestational age.

Conclusions:

  • Low vitamin D levels at birth are significantly associated with adverse early respiratory outcomes in infants born before 29 weeks gestational age.
  • Further large-scale studies are necessary to validate this association and explore potential interventions.
Abstract

Keywords:
LISA (less invasive surfactant administration)RDS—respiratory distress syndromeSGA (samll for gestational age)bronchopulmonary dysplasiaextremely preterm infantsnasal CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)surfactantvitamin D

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