Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

3.3K
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
3.3K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers01:17

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of β1 Blockers

681
β1-receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. In cardiac myocytes, these receptors interact with neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system during heightened activity or danger. As a result, β1-receptors get activated, initiating a series of biochemical processes. Excessive activation of beta receptors due to chronic stress can abnormally increase heart rate and contractility, resulting in high blood pressure or hypertension. To counteract this,...
681
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

132
Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
132
Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

4.4K
The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
4.4K
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

68
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
68
Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

119
Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
119

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distinctive patterns of glucagon and incretin responses to oral and isoglycaemic intravenous glucose load in fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Double burden of malnutrition by mid-childhood in an Indian birth cohort: a longitudinal study (2010-2021).

The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia·2026
Same author

Discordantly Low HbA1c in Patients Receiving Dapsone: Prevalence and Associations with Hemolysis and Methemoglobinemia.

International journal of endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Type 5 diabetes: A disorder associated with undernutrition: The epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and differential diagnosis.

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism·2026
Same author

Atypical diabetes subtypes in Black African populations.

Diabetologia·2026
Same author

Cytogenetic spectrum and clinical presentation of Klinefelter syndrome: A comprehensive study from South India.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India·2026
Same journal

Long COVID and health-related quality of life: a systematic review of immune, inflammatory, and metabolic markers.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

Smart wearables for school-based physical activity promotion: K-12 physical education teachers' continuance intention and adoption pathways.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

Acceptance of an upper body exoskeleton for occupational tasks among soldiers.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

Effectiveness of a perforated spoon for reducing salt intake in a university cafeteria.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

Association of psychological resilience and social support with subjective coercion experience in hospitalized psychiatric inpatients: a cross-sectional study.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

The "5-4-3" model for weight management in psychiatric inpatients: a single-arm pre-post evaluation.

Frontiers in public health·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats
07:35

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

Published on: January 31, 2019

15.6K

Barker Hypothesis and Hypertension.

Felix Jebasingh1, Nihal Thomas1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

Frontiers in Public Health
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early onset hypertension is linked to low birth weight (LBW). This review explores LBW-related hypertension mechanisms and potential treatments for affected individuals.

Keywords:
Barker hypothesisBrenner hypothesishypertensionlow birth weightlow nephron number

More Related Videos

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry
07:54

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

Published on: May 17, 2016

21.0K
Mesenteric Artery Contraction and Relaxation Studies Using Automated Wire Myography
07:51

Mesenteric Artery Contraction and Relaxation Studies Using Automated Wire Myography

Published on: September 22, 2011

28.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats
07:35

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

Published on: January 31, 2019

15.6K
Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry
07:54

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

Published on: May 17, 2016

21.0K
Mesenteric Artery Contraction and Relaxation Studies Using Automated Wire Myography
07:51

Mesenteric Artery Contraction and Relaxation Studies Using Automated Wire Myography

Published on: September 22, 2011

28.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Developmental Biology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Early onset hypertension is a growing global health concern.
  • Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant risk factor for developing hypertension later in life.
  • The fetal-onset of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis links LBW to adult hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the postulated mechanisms behind LBW-associated hypertension.
  • To discuss potential antihypertensive therapies for individuals with LBW-related hypertension.
  • To synthesize current understanding of the fetal origins of adult disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on low birth weight and hypertension.
  • Analysis of historical evidence and postulated mechanisms (e.g., Barker's FOAD hypothesis, Brenner's low nephron mass theory).
  • Synthesis of findings related to developmental origins of health and disease.

Main Results:

  • Low birth weight is strongly associated with the development of early onset hypertension.
  • Key mechanisms include reduced nephron mass and the thrifty phenotype hypothesis.
  • Evidence supports a critical role for fetal development in long-term cardiovascular health.

Conclusions:

  • LBW is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of early onset hypertension.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can inform targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into fetal programming is essential for prevention and management.