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HBD-2 binds SARS-CoV-2 RBD and blocks viral entry: Strategy to combat COVID-19.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates novel therapeutic strategies beyond vaccination.
  • Human beta defensin 2 (hBD-2) is a host defense peptide with known antiviral capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of hBD-2 as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2.
  • To determine if hBD-2 can inhibit the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells.

Main Methods:

  • In-silico modeling to predict binding sites.
  • Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for biophysical interaction measurements.
  • Pseudoviral infection assays to assess antiviral efficacy.

Main Results:

  • hBD-2 demonstrated binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) with a KD of approximately 2μM.
  • hBD-2 successfully prevented the binding of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to ACE2-expressing cells.
  • hBD-2 specifically inhibited SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral infection (IC50 = 2.8 ± 0.4 μM) but not VSVG-mediated infection.

Conclusions:

  • hBD-2 acts as a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells.
  • hBD-2 and its derivatives represent promising candidates for developing new COVID-19 preventative agents.