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Related Concept Videos

Catenins01:23

Catenins

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Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
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Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Cell sorting plays an...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Modified Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell based Assay for Quantifying Cardiogenic Induction Efficiency
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β-catenin perturbations control differentiation programs in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Elisa Pedone1,2, Mario Failli3,4, Gennaro Gambardella3,4

  • 1Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK.

Iscience
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Moderate Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation promotes stem cell differentiation into epiblast-like cells. Specific β-catenin levels influence stem cell commitment to mesoderm or endoderm lineages during differentiation.

Keywords:
Cell biologyStem cells research

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Signaling

Background:

  • The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development, cancer, and embryonic stem cell (ESC) maintenance.
  • Its precise function in balancing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation remains a subject of ongoing research and debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dose-dependent effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on the differentiation of mouse ESCs into epiblast-like cells (EpiLCs).
  • To elucidate the role of β-catenin levels in directing stem cell lineage commitment during early differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an in vitro system with inducible gene expression control in β-catenin null and wild-type mouse ESCs.
  • Manipulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity using exogenous β-catenin induction and chemical pre-activation.
  • Monitored EpiLC derivation and assessed stem cell commitment to specific lineages.

Main Results:

  • Moderate induction of exogenous β-catenin in β-catenin null ESCs promoted in vitro EpiLC derivation.
  • Moderate chemical activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in wild-type cells also enhanced in vitro EpiLC derivation.
  • Specific β-catenin levels influenced lineage commitment: mesoderm commitment was favored under "ground state" pluripotency conditions, while endoderm commitment occurred with sustained induction during differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Results confirm the established role of β-catenin in pluripotency and differentiation.
  • Demonstrated that precise β-catenin levels are crucial for directing specific stem cell differentiation pathways.
  • Highlights the dose-dependent nature of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in controlling stem cell fate decisions.