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Development and Testing of Species-specific Quantitative PCR Assays for Environmental DNA Applications
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Tracking an invasion front with environmental DNA.

Abigail G Keller1, Emily W Grason2, P Sean McDonald3

  • 1School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Ecological Applications : a Publication of the Ecological Society of America
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Environmental DNA (eDNA) offers sensitive, cost-effective monitoring. Integrating eDNA with traditional methods improves invasive species management, especially at invasion fronts.

Keywords:
Bayesian modelingCarcinus maenasEuropean green crabN-mixture modelingenvironmental DNAfalse-positive probabilityinvasion frontinvasive species management

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Environmental DNA (eDNA) shows promise for ecological monitoring, but its integration into management decisions is limited by interpretation uncertainties.
  • Traditional methods like trapping are established for species management but can be labor-intensive and less sensitive.
  • Invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) management historically relies on trapping, necessitating evaluation of new monitoring tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a joint modeling framework integrating eDNA and traditional trap data for invasive species density estimation.
  • To quantify the uncertainty associated with both eDNA and trap detection methods.
  • To assess the added value of eDNA data in enhancing existing monitoring programs for management.

Main Methods:

  • Jointly modeling quantitative PCR (qPCR) eDNA detection and traditional trap data.
  • Estimating the density of European green crab (Carcinus maenas).
  • Analyzing the marginal information benefit of incorporating eDNA data into monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Documented European green crab eDNA presence beyond the known invasion front.
  • Demonstrated that eDNA data value increases significantly with low population densities and reduced traditional sampling effort.
  • Identified detection limits of the molecular assay and scenarios where eDNA may not improve management.

Conclusions:

  • A joint modeling approach provides a robust method for integrating diverse data streams in environmental management.
  • eDNA sampling is particularly valuable for detecting species at the leading edge of invasions.
  • Understanding assay limitations and integration scenarios is crucial for optimizing eDNA's role in conservation and management.