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Association between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Respiratory Problems in Premature Neonates

Nahid Jafari1, Naeeme Taslimi Taleghani2, Sayed AliNaghi Kazemi1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Archives of Iranian Medicine
|February 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Low vitamin D levels in premature infants are linked to higher rates of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and need for respiratory support, including surfactant and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). This highlights vitamin D

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Limited research exists on the relationship between vitamin D and respiratory health in premature neonates.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a potential risk factor for adverse respiratory outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and respiratory problems in preterm neonates.
  • To determine if vitamin D insufficiency predicts the need for respiratory interventions in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 113 preterm neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit.
  • Serum vitamin D levels were measured within 24 hours of birth using liquid chromatography-spectrometry.
  • Respiratory complications and interventions (RDS, surfactant, NIV) were compared between neonates with and without vitamin D insufficiency.

Main Results:

  • 65% of preterm neonates had low vitamin D levels.
  • Neonates with vitamin D insufficiency showed significantly higher rates of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) (61.5% vs 41.7%, P=0.036).
  • Vitamin D insufficiency was associated with increased need for surfactant (P=0.034) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (P=0.005).

Conclusions:

  • Preterm neonates with vitamin D insufficiency experience higher incidences of RDS, surfactant use, and NIV.
  • Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may be crucial for improving respiratory outcomes in premature infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
Neonatal respiratory distress syndromePregnancyPremature infantPreterm birthVitamin D

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