Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

97
Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
97
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

7.9K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.9K
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

193
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
193
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

2.6K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.6K
The Sympathetic Nervous System01:25

The Sympathetic Nervous System

97.5K
Overview
97.5K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

62.3K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
62.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Experimental change in temperament: Conversion of the low exploratory phenotype into highly explorative by overexpression of GDNF in the rat striatum.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

High-fat diet feeding induces organ-specific vascular remodeling with distinct temporal dynamics in male mice.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Elevated MANF expression in β cells protects mice from streptozotocin-induced diabetes by attenuating islet stress and immunogenicity.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

Stereocilia fusion pathology in the cochlear outer hair cells at the nanoscale level.

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same author

Artesunate treats obesity in male mice and non-human primates through GDF15/GFRAL signalling axis.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

MANF stimulates autophagy and restores mitochondrial homeostasis to treat autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease in mice.

Nature communications·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

14.2K

CDNF and MANF regulate ER stress in a tissue-specific manner.

Emmi Pakarinen1, Päivi Lindholm1, Mart Saarma1

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) show functional overlap in muscle but not brain. Their combined loss impacts unfolded protein response (UPR) differently across tissues.

Keywords:
CDNFDopamineER stressMANFUPR

More Related Videos

Molecular Modulation by Lentivirus-Delivered Specific shRNAs in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stressed Neurons
10:50

Molecular Modulation by Lentivirus-Delivered Specific shRNAs in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stressed Neurons

Published on: April 24, 2021

1.1K
Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats
03:48

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats

Published on: December 6, 2024

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

14.2K
Molecular Modulation by Lentivirus-Delivered Specific shRNAs in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stressed Neurons
10:50

Molecular Modulation by Lentivirus-Delivered Specific shRNAs in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stressed Neurons

Published on: April 24, 2021

1.1K
Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats
03:48

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats

Published on: December 6, 2024

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) are ER-resident proteins with cytoprotective roles.
  • These proteins are known regulators of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
  • The functional relationship and compensatory capabilities between CDNF and MANF remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional relationship and potential compensation between CDNF and MANF.
  • To determine the impact of combined CDNF and MANF deficiency on ER stress and tissue integrity.
  • To elucidate the tissue-specific roles of CDNF and MANF in regulating ER stress.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of mice lacking both CDNF and MANF (CDNF-deficient Manf-/- mice).
  • Phenotypic analysis of growth, diabetes, and ER stress markers (unfolded protein response - UPR).
  • Comparative analysis of UPR activation in muscle and brain tissues.

Main Results:

  • CDNF-deficient Manf-/- mice exhibited phenotypes similar to Manf-/- mice, including growth defects and diabetes.
  • CDNF deficiency exacerbated UPR activation in muscle when MANF was also absent.
  • Combined CDNF and MANF loss did not worsen UPR activation in the brain compared to MANF loss alone, and did not lead to dopamine neuron degeneration.

Conclusions:

  • CDNF and MANF display functional redundancy in muscle tissue.
  • This functional redundancy is not observed in other examined tissues, such as the brain.
  • CDNF and MANF regulate ER stress in a tissue-specific manner.