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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Neuromodulation for Chronic Daily Headache.

Gianluca Coppola1, Delphine Magis2, Francesco Casillo3

  • 1Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy. gianluca.coppola@uniroma1.it.

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques offer promising treatments for chronic daily headache (CDH). While invasive deep brain stimulation is effective for chronic cluster headache (CCH), less risky non-invasive options are preferred for CDH.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationDirect current stimulationOccipital nerveSphenopalatine gangliaTranscranial magnetic stimulationTrigeminal nerveVagus nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Chronic daily headache (CDH) encompasses debilitating headache disorders, including chronic migraine (CM) and chronic cluster headache (CCH).
  • Neuromodulation techniques offer therapeutic strategies for managing refractory headache conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on central and peripheral neuromodulation techniques for treating chronic daily headache (CDH).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating neuromodulation for CDH, CM, and CCH.
  • Analysis of efficacy and safety data for various invasive and non-invasive techniques.

Main Results:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is effective for CCH but reserved for refractory cases.
  • Percutaneous occipital nerve stimulation shows comparable efficacy to DBS with lower risk for CCH and CM.
  • Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation is a potential add-on for CCH, while trigeminal nerve stimulation may benefit CM.
  • Transcranial magnetic and electric stimulations demonstrate preventive potential for CM and CCH.

Conclusions:

  • Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques are generally preferred over invasive methods for CDH due to a more favorable risk profile.
  • Further controlled trials are needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action for non-invasive techniques.