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Logical intuition is not really about logic.

Omid Ghasemi1, Simon Handley1, Stephanie Howarth1

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People intuitively make inferences, but these are not based on logic. Instead, intuitive reasoning relies on superficial structural features, not true logical intuition, impacting belief judgments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Reasoning and Decision Making

Background:

  • Research suggests intuitive reasoning capacity, termed 'logical intuition,' where logical validity influences belief judgments.
  • It remains unclear if this intuition stems from sensitivity to logical structure or superficial features.
  • Previous findings show conclusion validity interferes with belief judgments, implying rapid access to logical information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether intuitive reasoning is driven by logical features or superficial structural alignments.
  • To differentiate between genuine logical intuitions and those based on surface-level cues.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments (N=113, 137, 254) presented participants with logical and pseudological arguments.
  • Participants judged the validity or believability of conclusions from arguments.
  • Argument types included modus ponens, affirming the consequent, denying the antecedent, and modus tollens.

Main Results:

  • Pseudovalidity interfered with belief judgments as much as real validity across all experiments.
  • This effect was consistent across simple and complex argument structures.
  • Intuitive inferences appear to be driven by superficial structural features, not logical validity.

Conclusions:

  • The intuitive inferences influencing belief judgments are not 'logical intuitions.'
  • Reasoners rely on superficial structural features that coincidentally align with logical validity.
  • This challenges the notion of automatic logical intuition in human reasoning.