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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates
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Thyroid function in < 32 weeks gestation preterm infants.

Alicia Montaner-Ramón1, Susana Hernández-Pérez1, Ariadna Campos-Martorell2

  • 1Neonatology Unit, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.

Anales De Pediatria
|February 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid dysfunction is common in preterm newborns. Analyzing thyroid function in the second week of life identifies at-risk infants, especially small for gestational age (SGA) neonates.

Keywords:
Función tiroideaPequeño para la edad gestacionalPrematuridadPrematuritySmall for gestational ageThyroid functionThyrotropinThyroxineTirotropinaTiroxina

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal endocrinology
  • Pediatric thyroid disorders

Background:

  • Preterm newborns (PN) exhibit increased susceptibility to thyroid dysfunction compared to term newborns (TN).
  • Neonatal screening may miss subclinical thyroid dysfunction in PN due to delayed thyrotropin (TSH) elevation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess thyroid function in preterm newborns (PN) under 32 weeks gestation (WG) during their second week of life.
  • To identify factors associated with thyroid function alterations in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of thyroid function tests (free thyroxine [T4L] and TSH) in neonates < 32 WG.
  • Evaluation of correlations between thyroid hormone levels and perinatal/neonatal outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A cohort of 358 preterm infants (mean GA 29.3 weeks, mean BW 1127g) was studied.
  • Significant linear correlations were observed between T4L and both birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA).
  • TSH levels were significantly associated with small for gestational age (SGA) status, inotropic support, and BW. Six out of nine neonates treated with levothyroxine were SGA.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid function assessment in the second week of life is crucial for detecting asymptomatic thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants.
  • Small for gestational age (SGA) newborns represent a high-risk group for developing thyroid function abnormalities.