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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
Published on: October 22, 2020
Cigarette smoking and liver diseases.
David Marti-Aguado1, Ana Clemente-Sanchez2, Ramon Bataller3
1Digestive Disease Department, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain; Center for Liver Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Smoking significantly worsens liver disease, including fatty liver, fibrosis, and liver cancer. Quitting smoking can improve treatment outcomes and reduce cancer risk in liver patients.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Public Health
- Oncology
Background:
- Smoking is a major preventable cause of death.
- Approximately 40% of liver disease patients have a history of smoking.
- Emerging research explores smoking's impact on chronic liver diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted effects of smoking on liver diseases.
- To examine the potential causal role of smoking in liver disease progression.
- To highlight the benefits of smoking cessation for liver health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical evidence and pathophysiological pathways.
- Analysis of smoking's impact on liver disease incidence, severity, and outcomes.
- Discussion of mechanisms including oxidative stress and oncogenic signals.
Main Results:
- Cigarette smoking negatively affects fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Smoking exacerbates outcomes in advanced liver disease and promotes cardiovascular disease.
- Smoking increases risks for extrahepatic cancers in patients with steatohepatitis and transplant recipients.
Conclusions:
- Smoking cessation can improve treatment response and fibrosis regression.
- Quitting smoking reduces the risk of liver cancer and improves transplant outcomes.
- Challenges remain in referring smokers to cessation programs.
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