Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 4, 2025
08:25
Heterotopic Mucosal Engrafting Procedure for Direct Drug Delivery to the Brain in Mice
Published on: July 16, 2014
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Translational advancements in transdermal and mucosal delivery
Emmanuel A Ho1,2, Ryan F Donnelly3
1Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St. S., Room 4002, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada. Emmanuel.ho@uwaterloo.ca.
Drug Delivery and Translational Research
|February 8, 2022
Abstract
No abstract available in PubMed .
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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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01:16Drug Delivery: Overview
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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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01:18Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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01:27Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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01:15Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes
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Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
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01:18Additional Routes of Drug Administration
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