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Predicting When Women Will Achieve Equitable Representation in Four Specialties: The WHEN Study.

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Women in medicine have not achieved promotion equity despite making up half of graduates. Oncology and gastroenterology show progress, while cardiovascular medicine lags significantly, projecting parity decades later.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Medical education
  • Academic medicine
  • Gender equity

Background:

  • Women constitute nearly 50% of medical school graduates but face persistent promotion disparities.
  • Academic career progression for women in medicine remains inequitable over two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare historical trends in academic career pipelines by sex across four medical specialties.
  • To analyze sex-based disparities in faculty representation and promotion.

Main Methods:

  • Examined faculty sex and rank data from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) database.
  • Analyzed data for oncology, gastroenterology, cardiovascular medicine, and general surgery in 2000 and 2020.

Main Results:

  • In 2000, women's faculty representation was lowest in general surgery (15%) and gastroenterology/cardiovascular medicine (17%), compared to oncology (26%).
  • Cardiovascular medicine and general surgery showed slower growth in women's representation over 20 years compared to oncology and gastroenterology.
  • Projected sex parity: Oncology (2024), Gastroenterology (2029), General Surgery (2054), Cardiovascular Medicine (2070).

Conclusions:

  • Oncology and gastroenterology demonstrate greater gains in women's representation and promotion to Professor rank.
  • Significant disparities persist, particularly in cardiovascular medicine and general surgery.
  • Lessons from specialties with higher promotion rates for women can inform strategies for achieving gender equity in academic medicine.