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Aspiration pneumonia: a review
American Family Physician
|March 1, 1986
Abstract:
The damage caused by aspiration depends on the volume, nature and pH of the aspirate and the type of pathogen involved. Aspirate with a pH below 2.5 is much more likely to be toxic than less acidic material. Anaerobic organisms are common pathogens, but aerobic bacteria frequently appear in the hospital setting. Steroids may be useful if administered within minutes of the aspiration. Lavage with large amounts of alkaline fluid has not proved helpful.
Insights
Aspiration damage severity is linked to aspirate volume, acidity (pH < 2.5), and pathogens. Early steroid use may help, but alkaline lavage is ineffective for aspiration injury.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Aspiration can cause significant lung injury.
- The severity of injury depends on aspirate characteristics and microbial factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review factors influencing aspiration-related lung damage.
- To discuss potential therapeutic interventions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of aspiration pathophysiology and treatment.
Main Results:
- Aspirate pH below 2.5 significantly increases toxicity.
- Anaerobic and aerobic bacteria are common pathogens.
- Early steroid administration may be beneficial.
- Alkaline fluid lavage is not effective.
Conclusions:
- Aspiration injury is multifactorial, influenced by aspirate properties and pathogens.
- Timely intervention with steroids shows promise.
- Current lavage strategies are not beneficial.