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A somewhat easy to compute quantitative estimate of a data set’s central tendency is its midrange, which is defined as the mean of the minimum and maximum values of an ordered data set.
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The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, commonly referred to as the runs test, is a nonparametric test used to assess the randomness of ordered data. The test evaluates the number of runs, which are consecutive sequences of similar elements within the data. If the number of runs is significantly higher or lower than expected, the data is considered non-random, indicating a detectable pattern or structure.
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Relative numerical middle in rhesus monkeys.

Rosa Rugani1,2, Michael L Platt2,3,4, Zhaoying Chen2

  • 1Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

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|February 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Rhesus macaques can identify the numerical middle in sequences of items. These monkeys demonstrated abstract numerical rule extraction, choosing the numerical center over the spatial center in asymmetrical sequences.

Keywords:
abstract conceptscentrecomparative cognitionmiddlenumber bisectionrhesus monkeys

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative psychology
  • Animal cognition
  • Primate behavior

Background:

  • Animals possess significant numerical competence for ordinal and cardinal tasks.
  • Limited research exists on animals' ability to identify the numerical middle of a sequence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if rhesus macaques can identify the numerical middle in discrete sequences.
  • To determine if this ability involves abstract numerical rule extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Two rhesus monkeys were trained to select the middle dot in a three-dot sequence.
  • Monkeys were then tested with sequences of 5, 7, and 9 dots.
  • A further test involved asymmetrical sequences where numerical and spatial middles differed.

Main Results:

  • Monkeys successfully transferred the middle-selection rule to longer sequences.
  • Accuracy decreased with increasing sequence length.
  • Monkeys consistently chose the numerical middle over the spatial middle in asymmetrical sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Rhesus macaques demonstrate the capacity to extract abstract numerical rules.
  • This study provides evidence for numerical bisection abilities in primates.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the evolution of numerical cognition.