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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
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Measurement Error Affecting Web- and Paper-Based Dietary Assessment Instruments: Insights From the Multi-Cohort

Sharon I Kirkpatrick, Richard P Troiano, Brian Barrett

    American Journal of Epidemiology
    |February 9, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study found that food records (FRs) show less measurement error than food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls (24HRs) for assessing dietary intake. Recovery biomarkers confirmed FRs provide more accurate nutrient data in epidemiologic research.

    Keywords:
    24-hour recalldietary assessmentfood frequency questionnairefood recordrecovery biomarkersvalidation

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional epidemiology
    • Dietary assessment methodology
    • Biomarker validation

    Background:

    • Limited biomarker validation studies exist for online dietary assessment instruments.
    • Food records (FRs) are often considered less accurate than food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls (24HRs).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and compare measurement error across different dietary assessment instruments.
    • To evaluate online and paper-based FFQs, online 24HRs, and paper-based FRs using recovery biomarkers.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized recovery biomarkers to estimate attenuation factors and correlation coefficients.
    • Assessed usual intake for energy, protein, sodium, potassium, and nutrient densities.
    • Included 1,393 women and 1,455 men aged 45-86 years across three cohorts.

    Main Results:

    • Food records (FRs) demonstrated higher correlation coefficients and lower attenuation factors for energy and other nutrients compared to FFQs and 24HRs.
    • For energy, correlation coefficients were 0.40 for FRs, 0.24 for FFQs, and 0.23 for 24HRs.
    • For nutrient densities, FRs showed an attenuation factor of 0.50, compared to 0.37 for FFQs and 0.17 for 24HRs.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings support the use of different dietary assessment instruments based on their unique strengths in epidemiologic research.
    • Food records appear to be a more accurate method for assessing usual dietary intake, particularly for nutrient densities.
    • Biomarker validation is crucial for understanding the measurement error inherent in self-report dietary assessment tools.