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Estimated gray matter volume rapidly changes after a short motor task.

Gaia Olivo1,2, Martin Lövdén1,2, Amirhossein Manzouri3,4

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|February 9, 2022
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Summary

Skill learning causes rapid gray matter volume (GMV) changes in the brain, but blood flow doesn't fully explain it. These findings question study reproducibility and highlight new avenues for brain plasticity research.

Keywords:
MRIfinger tappingmotor trainingplasticityskill learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Plasticity

Background:

  • Skill acquisition leads to measurable changes in brain gray matter volume (GMV).
  • Task-related GMV changes may be influenced by physiological fluctuations, such as arterial blood flow.
  • Understanding these rapid changes is crucial for accurate neuroimaging studies and comprehending brain plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between task-induced gray matter volume (GMV) changes and functional blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals during a motor skill task.
  • To determine if fluctuations in arterial blood flow, as measured by BOLD signals, can account for observed GMV changes.
  • To assess the impact of these rapid GMV changes on the reproducibility of neuroimaging studies.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired repeated structural T1-weighted and functional BOLD MRI scans from 51 participants.
  • Participants performed a finger-tapping task (FTT) repeatedly for 30-60 minutes.
  • Analyzed GMV estimates and BOLD signal changes in motor regions during task performance versus rest.

Main Results:

  • Estimated GMV decreased in motor regions during the finger-tapping task compared to rest.
  • Motor-related BOLD signal changes did not overlap with or correlate with the observed GMV changes.
  • BOLD signals could not fully explain the task-induced alterations in T1-weighted MRI-based GMV estimates.

Conclusions:

  • Task-induced GMV changes during skill learning are not solely explained by simultaneous BOLD signal fluctuations.
  • These rapid, behavior-related GMV changes raise concerns about the reproducibility of neuroimaging studies.
  • Investigating these dynamic morphological changes offers new insights into rapid brain plasticity mechanisms.