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Related Concept Videos

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
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Left ventricular systolic motion pattern differs among patients with left bundle branch block patterns.

Yan Chen1, Yanjuan Zhang2, Di Xu2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
|February 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) patterns significantly alter left ventricular (LV) motion. Pacemaker rhythm (PM) and complete LBBB (CLBBB) reduce apical rotation and twist, while type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (B-WPW) affects the base, and RVOT-PVC impairs both.

Keywords:
EchocardiographyLeft bundle branch block patternLeft ventricular motionLeft ventricular rotationLeft ventricular twist

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging

Background:

  • Left bundle branch block (LBBB) patterns, including pacemaker rhythm (PM), type B Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (B-WPW), and right ventricular outflow tract premature ventricular complexes (RVOT-PVC), can affect left ventricular (LV) mechanics.
  • Understanding these alterations is crucial for diagnosing and managing cardiac dysfunction in patients with conduction abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the left ventricular (LV) motion patterns in patients with various LBBB patterns (PM, B-WPW, RVOT-PVC, CLBBB) and normal LV ejection fraction.
  • To assess differences in LV twist, apex rotation, and base rotation using 2D speckle tracking.

Main Methods:

  • Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography was employed.
  • Evaluated peak values and time to peak values of LV twist, LV apex rotation, and LV base rotation.
  • Compared patients with PM, B-WPW, RVOT-PVC, and CLBBB (all with normal LV ejection fraction) against age-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • All patient groups exhibited altered LV motion patterns compared to controls.
  • PM and CLBBB showed reduced LV apex rotation and LV twist; B-WPW showed reduced basal rotation; RVOT-PVC demonstrated the most significant impairment in LV twist/rotation.
  • Apical-basal rotation delay was prolonged in CLBBB, followed by B-WPW, PM, and RVOT-PVC, with CLBBB exhibiting the most pronounced dyssynchrony.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct LV motion patterns are associated with different LBBB morphologies.
  • CLBBB and PM predominantly affect apical rotation and twist, B-WPW affects basal rotation, and RVOT-PVC impacts both apical and basal segments.
  • CLBBB presents with the most significant apical-basal rotation dyssynchrony, highlighting the diverse mechanical consequences of conduction abnormalities.