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Subcutaneous nodules following vaccination.

Anne C Collinson1, Lynette Moore2, Abigail Cheung3

  • 1Department of Paediatric Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|February 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Delayed-onset nodules after vaccination are typically benign cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. These reactions, though recognized in vaccine literature, are less common in general surgical or pediatric clinics. Observation and reassurance are recommended management strategies.

Keywords:
cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasianodule at injection sitepaediatric soft tissue nodulesubcutaneous nodulevaccination nodule

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Subcutaneous nodules on the upper arm or thigh can cause diagnostic uncertainty and parental concern.
  • Nodular reactions are recognized in vaccine-related literature but infrequently encountered in general pediatric or surgical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of delayed-onset subcutaneous nodules presenting in pediatric patients.
  • To review existing literature on post-vaccination nodule formation.
  • To establish appropriate management guidelines for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of five patients presenting with subcutaneous nodules.
  • Diagnostic procedures included excisional or fine-needle biopsy.
  • Histopathological examination to determine the cause of nodule formation.

Main Results:

  • Histopathology revealed cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia in reaction to vaccine components in all five patients.
  • Nodules were present for 6-18 months prior to presentation.
  • This specific histopathological pattern is less commonly recognized in general pediatric/surgical clinics.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed-onset nodule formation after vaccination is a largely benign entity.
  • Observation and reassurance are the primary management strategies.
  • Increased awareness among clinicians in general pediatric and surgical settings is warranted.