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Related Experiment Video

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Published on: May 30, 2025

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[Unintentional weight loss].

Myrthe M Kuijpers1, Herma Ten Have2, Ukie Harkema3

  • 1St. Antonius Ziekenhuis, afd. Interne Geneeskunde, Nieuwegein.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|February 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Unintentional weight loss, defined as a 5% body weight decrease over six months, requires a thorough diagnostic evaluation. This includes assessing somatic, functional, and iatrogenic causes, with a focus on malabsorption and potential malignancies in secondary care.

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Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Unintentional weight loss is a significant clinical concern, particularly in older adults.
  • It can indicate serious underlying medical conditions, including malignancy and malabsorption.
  • Defining and diagnosing unintentional weight loss is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the causes and diagnostic strategies for unintentional weight loss.
  • To emphasize the importance of a comprehensive work-up, considering various etiologies.
  • To provide guidance on the role of specialists and dietary interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on unintentional weight loss.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria, including a 5% weight loss threshold over 6 months.
  • Exploration of differential diagnoses, encompassing somatic, functional, iatrogenic, and malabsorptive causes.

Main Results:

  • Malignancies, though rare in primary care, account for up to 30% of weight loss cases in secondary care.
  • Malabsorption is a key area of focus in the diagnostic work-up.
  • High-caloric dietary interventions are recommended for evident functional decline, with limited indication for prescribed medications.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach is essential for diagnosing unintentional weight loss.
  • Early identification and management of underlying causes can improve patient outcomes.
  • Dietary support plays a vital role, especially in cases of functional decline.